Viktor Orban, the long-serving Prime Minister of Hungary, has made a significant impact on both his country and the European Union. Since coming into power in 2010, Orban has transformed Hungary into what the European Parliament has criticized as a “hybrid regime of electoral autocracy.” He has clashed with EU colleagues on issues such as migration and the war in Ukraine, and has even halted EU funds to Ukraine. Orban’s political approach and his close ties with Russian President Vladimir Putin have raised concerns about Hungary’s democracy and its relationship with the EU. This article explores Orban’s rise to power, his controversial policies, and the consequences for Hungary and the EU as a whole.
Orban’s political journey began in the late 1980s when he set up the political movement called Fidesz. He gained attention with his audacious speech in 1989, calling for the Soviet Red Army to leave Hungary and advocating for free elections and democracy. However, the democracy that replaced authoritarian rule has gradually eroded during his years in power, leading to accusations of backsliding and the consolidation of his rule. Hungary has been described as the only former consolidated liberal democracy in the EU that has become a non-democratic hybrid regime.
Orban’s policies and actions have drawn criticism from both within Hungary and internationally. He has targeted liberal organizations funded by billionaire philanthropist George Soros, accusing them of trying to influence Hungarian politics with foreign money. His government’s treatment of Soros and its anti-migration stance has also cultivated a strained relationship with the EU. Several rulings against Hungary by the EU, including the suspension of EU funding for Budapest, demonstrate the concerns about the erosion of the rule of law and corruption in the country.
Moreover, Orban’s alignment with Putin and his skepticism towards the EU’s approach to Ukraine have further isolated Hungary within the EU. Despite being a NATO member, Hungary has not approved Swedish membership, causing further tensions within the alliance. Orban’s unique position and his nationalist, anti-liberal stance have made him an outlier in European politics.
The impact of Orban’s leadership extends beyond Hungary’s borders. The European Parliament has accused Hungary of violations of the rule of law, corruption, and LGBT rights. His political maneuvering, perceived authoritarian tendencies, and close relationship with Putin have raised concerns about Hungary’s commitment to democracy and European values. EU summits often see Orban as a solitary figure, but he has found allies within the EU and is hopeful for a change in the upcoming European elections.
In conclusion, Viktor Orban’s long tenure as the Prime Minister of Hungary and his policies have had a profound impact on both Hungary and the European Union. He has transformed Hungary into a hybrid regime, eroded democratic norms, and strained relationships with the EU. His alignment with Putin and his skepticism towards the EU’s approach to Ukraine further complicate Hungary’s position within the EU and NATO. As the political landscape continues to evolve, the consequences of Orban’s leadership and his nationalist, anti-liberal ideology will continue to shape the future of Hungary and its relationship with the EU.
